After the initial transmission, the viruses can spread from person to person through contact with body fluids or contaminated needles. Like ebola, marburg virus is found in africa and rarely infects humans, but can cause outbreaks with high mortality rates. This protein mediates infection by binding to the viral envelope glycoprotein. Clinical aspects of marburg hemorrhagic fever medscape. This volume provides an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the biology of marburg and ebolaviruses. Marburg virus disease mvd formerly known as marburg haemorrhagic fever was first identified in 1967 during epidemics in marburg and frankfurt in germany and belgrade in the former yugoslavia from importation of infected monkeys from uganda. Once all of the elements required to create a new marburg virion the virus exits the cell via exocytosis and is then able to infect more of the hosts cells. Marburg haemorrhagic fever who regional office for africa. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. Two large outbreaks that occurred simultaneously in marburg and frankfurt in germany, and in. Virus biology of the most wellstudied member is described, with details of the viral genome and the protein machinery necessary to propagate viruses at the molecular and cellular level. The marburg variant of multiple sclerosis, also known as acute, fulminant, or malignant multiple sclerosis, is characterized by extensive and fulminant acute demyelination, often resulting in death within one year after the onset of clinical signs please, refer on multiple sclerosis ms for a broad discussion on this entity. Although not as deadly as filoviruses, a virus which shares the same family with marv, it is highly contagious and can lead to death.
Marburg virus is one of 2 viruses belonging to the filovirus family. Marburg virus marv is a fatal virus that causes viral marburg viral disease mdv in human beings and primates. Marburg virus disease is characterized by a hemorrhagic fever. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle. Free virology books download ebooks online textbooks. Risk factors include exposure to african green monkeys and certain bats.
Jul 14, 1984 the pathology of marburg virus disease. The outbreak involved 25 primary marburg virus infections and seven deaths. Marburg virus disease is a zoonotic infection that produces symptoms such as chills, headaches, fever, and muscle aches. However, the 202016 epidemic of ebola virus disease in west africa was. Mar 29, 2020 the marburg virus disease made reapperence in 1975, 1980, 1987, 1990, 199800, 200405, 2007, 2008 and 2017. This information is used to build a widerscale virushost perspective with detail on the pathology and pathogenesis of ebola virus disease. The diseases caused by herpes simplex types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, varicellazoster virus, epsteinbarr virus and other herpes types. Cheepsattayakorn a, cheepsattayakorn r 2015 ebola virus disease.
Novel retinal lesion in ebola survivors, sierra leone, 2016. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. Marburg disease the pathology of experimentally infected hamsters. So few specimens of tissue from fatal cases of ebola virus disease have been available for pathologic study that no description can be considered representative, and any analysis of pathogenetic mechanisms should be recognized as speculative. Clinical manifestations and mechanism of the haemorrhagic diathesis in marburg virus disease. Part of the highly regarded diagnostic pathology series and written by danny a. Centers for disease control and prevention, national center for emerging and zoonotic infectious diseases ncezid, division of high. Dec 01, 2014 in deceased patients, immunohistochemistry, virus isolation, or pcr of blood or tissue specimens may be used to diagnose marburg hf retrospectively. The reservoir host of marburg virus is the african fruit bat, rousettus aegyptiacus. Mvd is a viral hemorrhagic fever vhf, and the clinical symptoms are indistinguishable from ebola virus disease evd. A comparison of the pathogenesis of marburg virus disease in. Marburg virus disease synonyms, marburg virus disease pronunciation, marburg virus disease translation, english dictionary definition of marburg virus disease. Greenmonkey disease marburg virus disease, a severe, distinctive, hemorrhagic illness with a high rate of mortality, is heralded early by severe sore throat, a maculopapular rash, and a red exanthem on the hard and soft palate. Diagnosis marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf cdc.
The viral parasite causes changes in the cell, particularly its antigenicity. After the 202016 ebola virus disease evd epidemic in western africa, there has been a. Marburg virus disease, a severe, distinctive, hemorrhagic illness with a high rate of mortality, is heralded early by severe sore throat, a maculopapular rash, and a red exanthem on the hard and soft palate. Liver histology revealed small foci of inflammatory infiltrate in infected bats, similar. Evidence for involvement of the immunological system. Forty years ago, in early august 1967, the first filovirus ever detected, marburg virus, made its appearance in europe, causing severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in laboratory workers in marburg and frankfurt and, about 4 weeks later, in belgrade. Attapon cheepsattayakorn, 1oth zonal tuberculosis and chest disease center, 143 sridornchai road.
Marburg virus brazil pdf ppt case reports symptoms. Murphy center for disease control, atlanta, georgia 30333, u. Histopathology of the eye in marburg virus marv infection. Apr 05, 2020 marburg virus has the potential to be a serious public health threat, yet much more research is needed for us to understand the pathogenesis of the disease. It started in west germany in early august 1967 when 30 people became ill in the german towns of marburg and frankfurt and 2 in belgrade, yugoslavia. A likely natural host for marv and ravv, and the probable source of the highly infectious viruses that cause marburg virus disease mvd in humans, is the. The clinical presentation typically consists of a progressive disease with fever, hemorrhagic manifestations, multiorgan failure, shock, and other serious complications.
Pathology of marburg virus disease marburg hemorrhagic fever dr sampurna roy md. Treatment with antiserum and measures to reduce the bleeding are sometimes. Outbreak of marburg virus hemorrhagic feverangola, october 1, 2004march 29, 2005. These features are compared and contrasted with those. Marburg virus is a hemorrhagic fever virus of the filoviridae family of viruses and a member of the species marburg marburgvirus, genus marburgvirus. Marburg virus marv causes marburg virus disease in humans and nonhuman primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever. Marburg virus disease, also known as marburg hemorrhagic fever, is a severe illness with a high mortality rate. Fruit bats infected with marburg virus do not to show obvious signs of illness. Clinical aspects of marburg hemorrhagic fever ncbi nih. The marburg variant of multiple sclerosis, also known as acute, fulminant, or malignant multiple sclerosis, is characterized by extensive and fulminant acute demyelination, often resulting in death within one year after the onset of clinical signs. Thirtyone people became ill, initially laboratory workers followed by several medical personnel and family members who had cared for them. Virallyinduced cell death, changes in antigenicity and the response of the host to the presence of the virus leads to the manifestations of viral disease. Marburg haemorrhagic fever was initially detected in 1967 after simultaneous outbreaks in marburg, from which the disease takes its name, and frankfurt in germany.
Outbreake of marburg virus disease in johannesburg. Ebola virus and marburg virus disease reference guide. Multidistrict outbreak of marburg virus diseaseuganda, 2012. The pathogenesis of filovirus infections is apparently similar in humans and nonhuman primates. Forty years of marburg virus the journal of infectious. The first outbreak occurred simultaneously in 1967 in marburg, frankfurt, and belgrade with 31 human cases, 7 of which were. In the scientific literature, marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf is often. A description of the postmortem pathological findings in a case of marburg virus disease emphasizes the findings of focal necrosis in the liver, spleen and lymphoid tissue, disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute tubular necrosis. Get the facts on the history, symptoms, and treatment of marburg virus disease, formerly known as marburg hemorrhagic fever. For the marburg virus to infect the hosts cell an essential element is needed. Marburg virus disease definition of marburg virus disease. The basis of the book was prestons 1992 new yorker article crisis in the hot zone. There have been past outbreaks of this illness as well as isolated cases that have resulted in high mortality. Microbiologyvirologyimmunologybacteriologyparasitology.
Marburg variant of multiple sclerosis radiology reference. The 1967 marburg virus outbreak in west germany was first outbreak of marburg virus disease. In outbreak situations, direct contact with infected humans or animals is the most common source of infection, while parenteral exposure, often in the nosocomial setting, is the most lethal route of infection. Marburg virus is related to the ebola virus in that both viruses belong to the filovirus family. For marburg and ebola that element is the niemannpick c1 npc1 membrane protein 1. It is in the same family as the virus that causes ebola virus disease. Marburg virus disease article about marburg virus disease. It soon became obvious that the illness was a hitherto unknown infectious disease. Viruses free fulltext clinical, histopathologic, and. Marburg virus disease mvd is characterized by rapid onset. As nouns the difference between disease and disorder is that disease is pathology an abnormal condition of the body or mind that causes discomfort or dysfunction.
Marburg virus disease mvd is the official name listed in the world health organizations international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems 10 icd10 for the human disease caused by any of the two marburgviruses marburg virus marv and ravn virus ravv. The 7 death out of 32 infection stated that case fatality rate cfr during the 1967 marburg virus outbreak in west germany was 23%. Ebola virus disease and marburg disease in pregnancy. Pathology of marburg virus disease marburg hemorrhagic. Marburg virus is the causative agent of marburg haemorrhagic fever mhf, a disease with a case fatality ratio of up to 88%. The world health organization who rates it as a risk group 4 pathogen. The marburg virus disease made reapperence in 1975, 1980, 1987, 1990, 199800, 200405, 2007, 2008 and 2017. Marburg virus was first recognized in 1967, when outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever occurred simultaneously in laboratories in marburg and frankfurt, germany and in belgrade, yugoslavia now serbia. Concise, focused chapters, supported by thousands of highquality images, make. The new disease observed in marburg, frankfurt, and belgrade was the first to occur in an epidemic outbreak. Both ebola and marburg viruses can cause serious febrile hemorrhagic disease with case fatality rates of 50% to 90% for ebola and 24% to 88% for marburg. Barrier and isolation techniques are the best preventive measures for marburg infections.
Petur nielsen, in diagnostic pathology of infectious disease second edition, 2018. Marburg and ebolaviruses from ecosystems to molecules. Marburg virus is a singlestranded rna virus genus marburgvirus, family filoviridae that is the etiologic agent of marburg hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates mehedi et al. In the late summer of 1967, several patients suffering from a severe disease were admitted to the department of medicine of the marburg university. Until now only single cases of diseases transmitted by monkeys are known as e. Along with ebola virus, marburg virus causes a severe and highly fatal haemorrhagic fever called marburg virus disease which is. In deceased patients, immunohistochemistry, virus isolation, or pcr of blood or tissue specimens may be used to diagnose marburg hf retrospectively. Marburg virus transmission can occur through mucosal surfaces and breaks or abrasions of the skin, as well as through parenteral introduction. Symptoms include fever, malaise, severe headache, vomiting, diarrhoea, and bleeding from mucous membranes. The treatment for marburg virus disease involves supportive care. Apr 01, 2020 ebola virus and marburg virus live in animal hosts, and humans can contract the viruses from infected animals. The responsible pathogen, marburg virus, is a member of the filoviridae family along with the ebola virus 1. One species has been described, marburg marburgvirus formerly lake victoria marburgvirus, which is represented by two viruses, ravn virus ravv and marburg virus marv. Marburgvirus, genus of viruses in family filoviridae, known for causing severe disease in humans and other primates.
Marburg virus disease is caused by viruses that produce symptoms of fever, chills, headaches and muscle aches early in the disease. In humans, marburgviruses are responsible for marburg virus disease mvd, a. Host specific and nonspecific defense mechanisms involved in resistance to and recovery from virus infections. The pathology of experimentally infected hamsters experimental infection of monkeys with the marburg virus the morphological picture in livers, spleens, and lymph nodes of monkeys and guinea pigs after infection with the vervet agent laboratory diagnosis and pathogenesis epidemiology of marburg virus disease epidemiological. Similar to the more widely known ebola hemorrhagic fever, mhf is. New insights into marburg virus disease pathogenesis in the. Primates including humans can become infected with marburg virus, and may develop serious disease with high mortality. A novel immunohistochemical assay for the detection of ebola virus in skin. This agent was called the marburg virus since most of the cases had occurred in marburg and the greater part of the laboratory work leading to the detection of the virus was performed in marburg. It started in west germany in early august 1967 when 30 people became ill in the german towns of marburg and frankfurt and 2 in belgrade, yugoslavia now serbia. A terrifying true story is a bestselling 1994 nonfiction thriller by richard preston about the origins and incidents involving viral hemorrhagic fevers, particularly ebolaviruses and marburgviruses.
Marburg virus has the potential to be a serious public health threat, yet much more research is needed for us to understand the pathogenesis of the disease. The disease closely resembles marburg virus disease. Marburg virus disease, formerly known as marburg virus hemorrhagic fever, disease caused by infection with a marburg virus, a filovirus that belongs to a family filoviridae of rna viruses that also includes ebola virus. Pathology of marburg virus disease marburg hemorrhagic fever. In the late summer of 1967, several patients suffering from a severe disease were admitted to the department of medicine of. Treatment of marburg virus disease consists of intensive supportive therapy and pain management.